In the report 'The protein puzzle. The consumption and production of meat, dairy and fish in the European Union', released by the PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, researchers have assessed the consequences of the production and consumption of animal proteins for human health and the environment. Moreover, the PBL report sketches the options for reducing these impacts in a European context. With this study, the PBL aims to contribute to the societal discussion and policy process concerning protein consumption and production, by providing relevant facts and figures, including indications of uncertainties.